Because of continuing uncertainties, several key messages for cli

Because of continuing uncertainties, several key messages for clinicians are provided. “
“Gout affecting the axial joints is uncommon; however, its involvement may be complicated by neurological symptoms associated with spinal compression at the affected level. Specific

involvement of the odontoid process is even rarer. We report the first case of gout involving the odontoid process with resultant glossopharyngeal (CN IX), vagus (CN X) and hypoglossal (CN XII) nerve palsies. “
“We aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of adverse drug events (ADE) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and (osteoarthritis) OA patients. Selleck Obeticholic Acid A cross-sectional study at rheumatology clinics, was performed by random selection of RA and OA out-patients by a research

pharmacist. All suspected ADEs occurring during the last hospital visit and the subjects were identified by retrospective chart review and direct patient interview. ADE characteristics, including causative drug groups, affected organ severity and patient outcomes, were recorded. One hundred and forty-three patients consisting of 129 RA and 14 OA were recruited. The patients’ mean ages were 54.3 ± 14.3 years LY2109761 in vivo and 121 (84.6%) patients were female. A total of 68 ADEs were detected in 51 patients. The prevalence and rate of ADE were 35.7% and 47.6 events per 100 patients, respectively. Thirty out of 68 ADEs (44.1%) were preventable. Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs resulted in ADEs by 41 (59.4%) and 10 (14.5%) events, respectively. Common affected organs were skin, gastrointestinal tract and eyes which accounted for 20 (29.4%), 18 (26.5%) and eight events (11.6%), respectively. Continuation of the suspected drug was noted in 42 ADEs (61.8%), classified as

severity level 1 and 2a-b, and 43 ADEs (63.2%) were completely or partially resolved during the study period. ADEs are common in RA and OA patients with prevalence oxyclozanide of 35.7%. High exposure to potentially harmful drugs might explain the higher rate of ADE in these patients. “
“To determine clinical features of different histopathological presentations in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). Clinical and pathological features of 71 biopsy-proven LN patients were analyzed in a cross-sectional study during 2005–2011. Sixty-five women (91.5%) and six men (8.5%) were studied. The mean Activity Index (AI) and Chronicity Index (CI) were 6.2 ± 3.1 and 1.7 ± 1.5, respectively. The most common histopathologic presentation of kidneys was class IV (52.1%). Patients with more advanced International Society of Nephrology and the Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) classes, had longer disease duration (P = 0.007), higher levels of blood urea nitrogen (P = 0.004) and serum creatinine (P = 0.035). The most frequent active lesion seen in renal biopsies was endocapillary hypercellularity (83.1%) while glomerular sclerosis was the most common chronic lesion (52.1%).

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