For gossypolone, the 50% effective dose was 90 mu g ml-1 of medium (165 mu mol l-1). For apogossypolone, the most active compound in
the study, the Trichostatin A order 50% effective dose was 19 mu g ml-1 (38 center dot 7 mu mol l-1). The presence of gossypol-related terpenoids appeared to stimulate production of A. flavus sclerotia, although replicate variability was so large that it was not possible to determine a significant correlation between the mass of sclerotia formed and compound growth inhibition.
Conclusions:
The quinone derivatives of gossypol, gossypolone and apogossypolone demonstrated significant fungal growth inhibitory activity against A. flavus.
Significance and Impact of the Study:
These gossypol derivatives may provide a new class of fungicide for use against the mycotoxigenic fungus A. flavus.”
“Little is known about why clinical depression feels so bad, perhaps because optimal neural circuit-based animal models of depression do not yet exist. Our goal here was to develop a strategy of inducing and measuring depressive-like states in the rat using neural circuits as both the independent and major dependent variables. We hypothesized that repeated electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB) within the dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG) aversion circuits would lead to
a long-lasting suppression of 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), a validated measure of positive social affect. Fifteen consecutive daily 10 min sessions of intermittent PAG-ESB reduced systematically evoked MEK162 ic50 50 kHz USVs for up to 29 days following termination of ESB treatment, along with altering traditional measures of negative affect, including behavioral agitation, sucrose intake, and decreased exploratory behavior. These findings suggest a new affective circuit-based preclinical model of depression. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Aims:
This work describes the isolation and characterization of two new
alkaliphilic micro-organisms present in nejayote.
Methods and Results:
Samples of fresh industrial nejayote were plated on nejayote medium and incubated for 4 days at 37 degrees C. Isolates were identified based on morphological and physiological Decitabine manufacturer characteristics, as well as 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Two gram-positive strains, NJY2 and NJY4, able to hydrolyse starch, xylan, and gelatin were isolated from nejayote. Comparative sequence analysis of 16S rDNA and phylogenetic studies indicate that the micro-organisms studied were closely related to members of the Bacillus flexus species. The strains were identified as facultative alkaliphilic salt tolerant bacteria. Isolate NJY2 produced cell associated phenolic acid esterases, able to release ferulic acid from nixtamalised corn bran and ethyl and methyl esters.
Conclusions:
The isolated strains of B. flexus NJY2 and NJY4 showed important physiological properties to produce high-value molecules from agroindustrial by-products.