No microbubble coalescence and no increased size were observed. Adhesion of some microbubbles to leukocytes was observed in various microcirculation models. Microbubbles are captured by Kupffer cells in the liver. Targeted microbubbles were shown to adhere specifically Doxorubicin cost to endothelial receptors without compromising local blood flow. Conclusion:  These results support the safety of both targeted and nontargeted UCAs as no microvascular flow alteration or plugging of microvessels were observed. They confirm that binding

observed with targeted microbubbles are due to the binding of these microbubbles to specific endothelial receptors. “
“Microcirculation (2010) 17, 348–357. doi: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2010.00036.x Objective:  The canonical Wnt signaling pathway, heavily studied in development and cancer, has recently been implicated in microvascular growth with the use of developmental and in vitro models. To date, however, no study exists showing the effects of perturbing the canonical Wnt pathway in a complete microvascular network undergoing physiological remodeling in vivo. Our objective was to investigate the effects of canonical Wnt inhibition on the microvascular remodeling of adult rats. Methods:  Canonical Wnt inhibitor

DKK-1, Wnt inhibitor sFRP-1, BSA or saline was superfused onto the exteriorized mesenteric windows selleck kinase inhibitor of 300 g adult female Sprague-Dawley rats for 20 minutes. Three days following surgery, mesenteric windows were imaged intravitally and

harvested for immunofluorescence staining with smooth muscle alpha-actin and BRDU. Results:  We Bacterial neuraminidase observed prominent differences in the response of the mesenteric microvasculature amongst the various treatment groups. Significant increases in hemorrhage area, vascular density, and draining vessel diameter were observed in windows treated with Wnt inhibitors as compared to control-treated windows. Additionally, confocal imaging analysis showed significant increases in proliferating cells as well as evidence of proliferating smooth muscle cells along venules. Conclusions:  Together, our results suggest that canonical Wnt inhibition plays an important role in microvascular remodeling, specifically venular remodeling. “
“Please cite this paper as: Sundd, Gutierrez, Petrich, Ginsberg, Groisman, and Ley (2011). Live Cell Imaging of Paxillin in Rolling Neutrophils by Dual-Color Quantitative Dynamic Footprinting. Microcirculation 18(5), 361–372. Objective:  Neutrophil recruitment to sites of inflammation involves P-selectin-dependent rolling. qDF is a useful tool to visualize the topography of the neutrophil footprint as it interacts with the substrate. However, elucidating the role of specific proteins in addition to topography requires simultaneous visualization of two fluorochromes. Methods:  To validate DqDF, mouse neutrophils were labeled with the membrane dyes DiO and DiI and perfused into microchannels coated with P-selectin–Fc.