There was also a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in mitochondrial swelling with the CsA-treated hypoxic group, as shown by 14.83% decrease in absorbance. When a comparison was made, FK-506 decreased mitochondrial swelling more efficiently than CsA (Fig. 2). Figure 2 Calcium uptake in spinal cord mitochondria. Mitochondria (25 mg/reaction) were deenergized via incubation

in isotonic buffer at room temperature for 3 min. After incubation, calcium (100 μM) was added to the reaction mixture and absorbance was … Tissue LPO level As a result of spinal hypoxia/reperfusion, a significant increase (P < 0.001) in LPO level was observed in the hypoxic group as molarity calculator compared with sham values. Drug treatment with either FK-506 or CsA resulted in a significant Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical (P < 0.01–0.001) decrease in the level of LPO in the FK-506 + Hypoxia and CsA + Hypoxia groups when

compared to hypoxic group (Fig. 3). No significant difference was observed between both the drug-treated groups. Figure 3 Rate of lipid Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical peroxidation (LPO) in different groups. Values are expressed as mean ± SE (n = 6). Significant difference §P < 0.001 when compared with sham; *P < 0.01, **P < 0.001 when compared with hypoxic group. ... Tissue GSH content Spinal hypoxic damage significantly (P < 0.001) depleted the GSH content in mitochondria in the hypoxic group over sham values (Fig. 4). As a result of FK-506 and CsA treatment, a significant (P < 0.01) restoration in mitochondrial GSH content Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical was seen in the FK-506 + Hypoxia and

CsA + Hypoxia groups when compared with the hypoxic group. No significant difference was observed between both the drug-treated groups. Figure 4 Reduced selleck chem U0126 glutathione (GSH) Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical content in various groups. Values are expressed as mean ± SE (n = 6). Significant difference §P < 0.001 when compared with sham; *P < 0.01 when compared with hypoxic group. Hypoxia resulted in Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical ... Tissue MPO activity A significant (P < 0.001) increase in MPO activity was seen in the hypoxic group compared to sham values. It was observed that treatment with either FK-506 (P < 0.001) or CsA (P < 0.01) caused a significant decrease in MPO activity in the FK-506 + Hypoxia and CsA + Hypoxia groups as compared to the hypoxic group (Fig. 5). It was observed that FK-506 significantly (P < 0.01) decreased MPO activity (42.86%) than CsA (18.66%). Figure 5 Carfilzomib Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in various groups. Values are expressed as mean ± SE (n = 6). Significant difference §P < 0.001 when compared with sham; *P < 0.01, **P < 0.001 when compared with hypoxic group and … Tissue viability TTC staining in sham did not show any detectable lesion (Fig. 6). On the contrary, sections obtained from hypoxic group showed detectable lesions as white patches. The lesions were present in both white and gray matter. It was observed that FK-506 and CsA treatment significantly decreased the lesions (P < 0.05) as compared to hypoxic group. Figure 6 Neuroprotective effect of FK-506 and CsA in spinal cord hypoxia.