Three different experiments were performed to determine if CD34+ CCR3+, Sca-1+ CCR3+ and IL-5Rα+ cells have a capability

selleck chemicals llc to proliferate locally in the airways after allergen exposure. In the first and second experiments, lung CD34+ or Sca-1+ progenitor cells were enriched from the sampled Percoll fractions by labelling the cells with a biotinylated rat anti-mouse CD34 monoclonal antibody (mAb; clone RAM34; BD Biosciences) or biotinylated rat anti-mouse Sca-1/Ly6 mAb (Clone 177228; R&D Systems). After washing, streptavidin microbeads (MACS; Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, GmbH, Germany) were added, according to the manufacturer’s instructions and CD34+ or Sca-1+ cells were enriched by magnetic separation. The purity of the CD34+ cell fraction was > 75% and for Sca-1+ cells it was > 80%. The enriched fractions of lung CD34+ and Sca-1+ cells were stained for CCR3 followed by intracellular staining for BrdU and 7-AAD. In the third experiment, cells from the Percoll fractions were stained for IL-5Rα followed by an intracellular staining for BrdU and 7-AAD. Gating was set on all intact cells and eosinophils and eosinophil-lineage-committed progenitor cell populations were gated based on forward and side scatter profiles.

The BALF eotaxin-2 in OVA-sensitized/exposed and saline-exposed animals was analysed by ELISA according to the manufacturer’s instructions (R&D Systems). Interleukin-5 transgenic mice were anaesthetized using isofluorane and treated with rmEotaxin-2 (PeproTech CCI-779 EC, 5 μg in a total volume of C1GALT1 25 μl 0·1% BSA/PBS) or control vehicle

(0·1% BSA/PBS) by intranasal instillation. The BAL eosinophils and CD34+ cells were measured 18 hr after the eotaxin-2 treatment. Bone marrow and blood cells harvested from naive IL-5 transgenic mice (NJ.1638) were stained for CD34+ and CCR3+ cells before and after migration. Briefly, the migration of BM and blood CD34+ CCR3+ cells in response to eotaxins was assessed using 5-μm polycarbonate membrane transwell inserts in 24-well tissue-culture polystyrene plates (Costar, Corning, NY). The inserts were pre-incubated in medium (RPMI-1640 containing 5% FCS) for 1 hr in 37°. The BM cells (1 × 106) and blood cells (1·5 × 106) isolated from IL-5 transgenic mice and 50 ng/ml rmIL-5 in 200 μl medium were placed into the inserts. The inserts were then placed into the wells with 500 μl medium alone (control), or medium containing rmEotaxin-1 (250 ng/ml) or rmEotaxin-2 (250 ng/ml). The plates were incubated at 37° in 5% CO2 for 90 min. The cells that had migrated to the lower wells were collected, counted and stained for CD34 and CCR3 as described above for the FACS analysis. Migrated CD34+ CCR3+ cells are expressed as the relative number of migrated cells of CD34+ CCR3+ cell input.