Docking experiments and linear interaction energy (LIE) calculations indicated that the N-terminal group of O-arylcarbamates fits within the lipophilic region of the substrate-binding site, mimicking the

arachidonoyl chain of anandamide. Significant potency improvements were observed for the beta-naphthylmethyl derivative 4q (IC50 = 5.3 nM) and its 3′-carbamoylbiphenyl-3-yl ester 4z (URB880, IC50 = 0.63 nM), indicating that shape complementarity and hydrogen P5091 cell line bonds are crucial to obtain highly potent inhibitors.”
“Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease which has a complex etiology that encompasses immunologic responses. The study was carried out to examine the effect of Nelumbo nucifera (Gaertn.) leaf (NL) on the AD-like skin lesion induced by repeated epicutaneous

application of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) on the dorsal skin of NC/Nga mice. Three different doses of NL (5, 25, and 50 mg/mice/day) were administered orally from the day of sensitization with DNCB for 4 weeks. The efficacy of NL Selleck JQ1 was judged by histopathological examination, blood IgE level, measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), scratching behavior, and skin severity score. NL resulted in the suppression of clinical severity score, TEWL, scratching behavior, and blood IgE level. Histopathologic analyses revealed that thickening of the epidermis and mast cell degranulation selleck compound was significantly reduced in NL group. These results suggest that NL may be a useful natural resource for the management of AD.”
“Cavotricuspid Isthmus Ablation Guided by Electroanatomic Mapping. Atrial arrhythmias are a common sequel after surgery for congenital heart disease, and often eventually

cause late morbidity and mortality. Nowadays, percutaneous catheter ablation of atrial flutter (AFL) is widely practised, and is highly successful and safe. Patients with a tricuspid valve replacement (TVR) represent a distinct group for whom the appropriate nonpharmacologic therapy for AFL has not yet been established. We report a case of a 55-year-old woman with a history of a total correction of tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) who developed AFL before and after receiving a tricuspid valve prosthesis. Based on the results of the activation mapping, counterclockwise and clockwise AFL were identified. Completion of a cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) line on the atrial side successfully terminated the AFL, with resumption of sinus rhythm. Guided by a 3D mapping system, CTI ablation is feasible and safe in patients with a prosthetic tricuspid valve. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 22, pp.

It has also made a foray into the history of

Romanian-Indian relations, an important issue in the context of the new strategy of the Indian companies that turn towards Central and Eastern Europe. Thus, Romanian companies will face an increased competition, because multinationals from emerging countries are much more aggressive competitors than the traditional ones from Western Europe.”
“Background Data on outcome of insect venom immunotherapy in children are rare.\n\nObjective We investigated the rate of sting recurrence and outcome of Hymenoptera venom anaphylaxis CCI-779 inhibitor in children of different age groups treated with immunotherapy.\n\nMethods Data from children consecutively referred for anaphylaxis to Hymenoptera venom were collected using a standardized questionnaire.\n\nResults During mean follow-up of 7.7years after commencement of immunotherapy, 45 of 83 children (56%) were re-stung 108 times by the insect they were allergic to. P=0.001). In contrast, prevalence of systemic allergic reactions to field stings was significantly lower in pre-school (3.4%) and school-age children (4.3%) compared with adolescents (15.6%; P<0.05). Overall, prevalence of systemic allergic reactions at re-sting was 15.6% in the honey bee venom and 5.9% in Alvocidib cell line the Vespula venom allergic group (P=ns). Younger boys with

anaphylaxis to honey bee venom predominated in our cohort (P=0.019).\n\nConclusion and Clinical Relevance A majority of children with anaphylaxis to Hymenoptera venom (56%) in our cohort were re-stung, equally by honey PF-6463922 bees or Vespula species. Younger children were more likely

to be re-stung, but less likely to have a systemic reaction. Venom immunotherapy induces long-term protection in most children: 84.4% of subjects with anaphylaxis to honey bee and 94.1% of those to Vespula venom were completely protected at re-stings.”
“The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is multifactorial, and a range of hyperglycemia-linked pathways have been implicated in the initiation and progression of this condition. All cells in the retina are affected by the diabetic milieu, and in view of such disease and tissue complexity, it is unlikely that any single process is solely responsible for retinal pathophysiology. Nevertheless, establishing causal mechanisms remains an important research goal. This review concentrates on the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the role they play in diabetic retinopathy. Perspective is provided on advanced glycation in the retina, the impact that this process has on retinal cell function, and how it relates to other pathogenic pathways. Emphasis is also placed the modulatory role of the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) and how its activation could evoke retinal inflammatory disease.

All of our failures could be matched to a specific technical mistake. In addition, we modified the flap-harvesting technique to allow for staged procedures and the removal of caudal lesions. These special circumstances require storage of the flap in the antrum during the removal of caudal lesions, and suturing of the flap in its original position for staged procedures. One patient experienced

a posterior nose bleed from the posterior nasal artery. This was controlled with bipolar electrocautery, thereby preserving the flap blood supply. We encountered no infectious or GSK1904529A wound complications in this series of patients. The donor site accumulates crusting, which requires debridement until mucosalization is complete; this usually Occurs 6 to 12 weeks after surgery.\n\nCONCLUSION: The HBF is a versatile and reliable reconstructive technique for repairing defects of the anterior, middle, clival, and parasellar cranial base. Its use has resulted in a significant decrease in our incidence of CSF leaks after endonasal cranial base surgery. Attention AZD7762 purchase to technical details is of paramount importance to achieve the best Outcomes.”
“Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate

in a large series the incidence of latent infection during chronic allergic conjunctivitis.\n\nMethods: In a 5-year follow-up prospective, nonrandomized trial, we evaluated 236 patients (472 eyes) with a history of allergic conjunctivitis but without evidence of infection. Conjunctival scrapings were examined cytologically,

and antibiograms and antimicrograms were assessed. The 472 eyes were divided into 5 subgroups based on the percent of eosinophilic cells in conjunctival specimens.\n\nResults: Latent concurrent infection was identified in 176 of 472 eyes (37%): Candida albicans (55.2%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (50.9%), Chlamydia trachomatis (30.7%), and Staphylococcus aureus (23%). The incidence of concurrent infection (mainly bacterial infection) strongly correlated with the percent of eosinophilic cells. Concurrent bacterial infection was identified in 26 of 26 cases of the subgroup with the highest percent of eosinophilic cells.\n\nConclusion: Chronic allergic conjunctivitis may be associated with latent infection. Pathogens can stimulate activation of eosinophils with a consequent worsening and chronicity of allergic symptoms.”
“Background: check details Cambodia stopped using co-blistered, non-fixed, artesunate-mefloquine (ASMQ) in 2008 when treatment failure rates approximated 20%. Fixed dose combination (FDC) ASMQ is efficacious against acute uncomplicated, drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Southeast Asia but has not been tested in Cambodia.\n\nMethods: A 42-day WHO therapeutic efficacy study (TES) was conducted in 2010 in Oral, Kampong Speu province, south-west Cambodia, in patients with acute uncomplicated P. falciparum. Daily administered FDC ASMQ for three days was dosed by age.

“
“Objective-To examine the association between liver fat content and very low-density ARN-509 manufacturer lipoprotein (VLDL)-apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 kinetics and the corresponding responses to weight loss in obese subjects.\n\nMethods and Results-VLDL-apoB-100 kinetics were assessed using stable isotope tracers, and the fat content of the liver and abdomen was determined by magnetic resonance techniques in 25 obese subjects. In univariate analysis, liver fat content was significantly (P < 0.05 in all) associated with body mass index (r = 0.65), visceral fat area (r = 0.45), triglycerides (r = 0.40), homeostasis model assessment score (r = 0.40), VLDL-apoB-100 concentrations (r = 0.44),

and secretion rate (r = 0.45). However, liver fat content was not associated with plasma concentrations of retinol-binding protein 4, fetuin A, adiponectin, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Of these 25 subjects, 9 diagnosed as having

nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (which is highly prevalent in obese individuals and strongly associated with dyslipidemia) underwent a weight loss program. The low-fat diet achieved significant reduction in body weight, body mass index, liver fat, visceral and subcutaneous NOV120101 fat areas, homeostasis model assessment score, triglycerides, VLDL-apoB-100 concentrations, and VLDL-apoB-100 secretion rate. The percentage reduction of liver fat with weight loss was significantly associated with the corresponding decreases in VLDL-apoB-100 secretion (r = 0.67) and visceral fat (r = 0.84).\n\nConclusion-In patients with obesity, hepatic steatosis increases VLDL-apoB-100 Selumetinib purchase secretion. Weight loss can help reduce this abnormality. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010;30:1043-1050.)”
“Benzotriazole derivatives have been shown to be able to induce growth inhibition in cancer cells. In the present study, we synthesized bioactive

compound, 3-(1H-benzo [d] [1,2,3] triazol-1-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl benzoate (BmOB), which is a novel benzotriazole derivative. BmOB displayed anti-proliferative effects on several human tumor cell lines. Human hepatocarcinoma BEL-7402 cell line was selected as a model to illustrate BmOB’s inhibition effect and its potential mechanism, since it was the highest susceptible cell line to BmOB. It was shown that treatment with BmOB resulted in generation of reactive oxygen species, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta psi m), and cell death in BEL-7402 cells. BmOB induced cytotoxicity could be prevented by antioxidant vitamin C and mitochondrial permeability transition inhibitor cyclosporine A. cyclosporine A could also protect the BmOB induced collapse of Delta psi m in BEL7402 cells, while vitamin C did not show similar effects. The results suggest that BmOB could inhibit BEL-7402 cell proliferation, and the cell death may occur through the modulation of mitochondrial functions regulated by reactive oxygen species.

“
“Reproductive functions in adult organism are known to be affected by different factors. Effects of social environment at the postnatal ontogenesis attract particular attention since it has deep impact on the development of physiological and emotional state of an individual. Effects of chronic social isolation BMS-777607 mouse at different ages on male sexual motivation, testosterone and corticosterone response under conditions of sexual arousal were studied in Wistar rats. After weaning at 21 day of age, rats of one group were isolated for

six weeks and after that they were housed in groups of five per cage for ten weeks (Iso3-9). Rats of the second group were housed in groups of five animals per cage till 13 weeks of age, and then they were isolated for six weeks (Iso13-19). Rats of the control group were housed in

groups during the experiment. Adult 19 week-old male rats were tested under conditions of sexual arousal. The expression of sexual motivation was estimated as the behavioral activity of a male at the transparent perforated partition separating a receptive female. Isolation of adult male rats reduced the number of approaches to the partition, while the period of time a male spent at the partition was not changed and testosterone response was enhanced as compared to control rats. Chronic social isolation during peri-adolescence reduced sexual motivation and prevented Selleck Panobinostat arousal-induced elevation of testosterone. Plasma corticosterone increases at sexual arousal in the two groups of isolated rats did not differ from that in controls. Our results are evidence that social isolation during the post-maturity stage (Iso13-19) did not diminish the manifestation of sexual motivation and hormonal response to a receptive female, while isolation during peri-adolescence attenuated behavioral and hormonal expression of sexual arousal in adult males.”
“PURPOSE. To investigate the impact of interocular similarities of a surround stimulus on foveal resolution acuity in the normally developing visual system.\n\nMETHODS. Liquid crystal shutter goggles

synchronized with Fludarabine the monitor frame rate were used to present a Landolt C and surround bars to one or both eyes, in monocular, dichoptic, half-binocular, and binocular viewing conditions. Resolution acuity was measured under each condition in 56 normally sighted children (7 to 14 years of age) and 22 adults (21 to 38 years of age). The effect of the surround bars (crowding) was tested in a subgroup of nine children, and 10 adults.\n\nRESULTS. Across all age groups resolution acuity was significantly better in the binocular condition than in the other three viewing conditions (binocular summation), and was significantly better in the half-binocular (with target presented to the test eye and bars presented to both eyes) than in the dichoptic condition (target presented to test eye and bars presented to the nontested eye only).

Controls were persons with recent infection with Salmonella strains other than the outbreak strain and matched to cases by age and geography. Environmental

samples were obtained from patients’ homes; traceback investigations were conducted.\n\nRESULTS: We identified 376 cases from 44 states from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2011; 29% (56/193) of patients were hospitalized and none died. Median patient age was 5 years (range,1-86 years); 69% were https://www.selleckchem.com/products/rocilinostat-acy-1215.html children,10 years old (253/367). Among 114 patients interviewed, 69 (61%) reported frog exposure. Of patients who knew frog type, 79% (44/56) reported African dwarf frogs (ADF), a type of aquatic frog. Among 18 cases and 29 controls, illness was significantly associated with frog exposure (67% cases versus 3% controls, matched odds ratio 12.4, 95% confidence interval 1.9-infinity). Environmental

samples from aquariums containing ADFs in 8 patients’ homes, 2 ADF distributors, and a day care center yielded isolates indistinguishable from the outbreak strain. Traceback investigations of ADFs CYT387 from patient purchases converged to a common ADF breeding facility. Environmental samples from the breeding facility yielded the outbreak strain.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: ADFs were the source of this nationwide pediatric predominant outbreak. Pediatricians should routinely inquire about pet ownership and advise families about illness risks associated with animals.”
“Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene association studies this website and results of the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension are disproving the longstanding concept that mild to moderate essential hypertension contributes substantially to end-stage renal disease susceptibility in African Americans. APOL1 coding variants underlie a spectrum of kidney diseases, including that attributed to hypertension

(labeled arteriolar or hypertensive nephrosclerosis), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and HIV-associated nephropathy. APOL1 nephropathy risk variants persist because of protection afforded from the parasite that causes African sleeping sickness. This breakthrough will lead to novel treatments for hypertensive African Americans with low-level proteinuria, for whom effective therapies are lacking. Furthermore, APOL1 nephropathy risk variants contribute to racially variable allograft survival rates after kidney transplantation and assist in detecting nondiabetic forms of nephropathy in African Americans with diabetes. Discovery of APOL1-associated nephropathy was a major success of the genetics revolution, demonstrating that secondary hypertension is typically present in nondiabetic African Americans with nephropathy.

“
“Background: Airway epithelium is widely considered to play an active role in immune responses through its ability to

detect changes in the environment and to generate a microenvironment for immune competent cells. Therefore, besides its role as a physical barrier, epithelium affects the outcome of the immune response by the production of various pro-inflammatory Momelotinib mediators. Methods: We stimulated airway epithelial cells with viral double stranded RNA analogue poly(I:C) or with house dust mite in a time course of 24 hours. In order to determine cytokines production by stimulated cells, we performed multiplex enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Results: We demonstrate that the temporal pattern of the genes that respond to virus exposure in airway epithelium resembles to a significant degree their pattern of response

to HDM. The gene expression pattern of EGR1, DUSP1, FOSL1, JUN, MYC, and IL6 is rather similar after viral (poly(I:C)) and HDM exposure. However, both triggers also induce a specific response (e. g. ATF3, FOS, and NFKB1). We confirmed these data by showing that epithelial cells produce a variety of similar mediators in response to both poly(I:C) and HDM challenge (IL1-RA, IL-17, IFN-alpha and MIP1-alpha), sometimes AG-014699 clinical trial with a quantitative difference in response (IL2-R, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, MIG, and HGF). Interestingly, only four mediators (IL-12, IP-10, RANTES and VEGF) where up-regulated specifically by poly(I:C) and not by HDM. Additionally, we report that pre-exposure to HDM deregulates production of cytokines and mediators in response to poly(I:C). Conclusions: Epithelial cells responses to the HDM-allergen and a virus strongly resemble both in gene expression and in protein level explaining why these

two responses may affect each other.”
“Ancient DNA recovered from 21 individuals excavated from burial sites in the Pampa Grande (PG) region (Salta province) of North-Western Argentina (NWA) was analyzed using various genetic markers (mitochondrial DNA, autosomal STRs, and Y chromosomal STRs). The results were compared to ancient buy Ricolinostat and modern DNA from various populations in the Andean and North Argentinean regions with the aim of establishing their relationships with PG. The mitochondrial haplogroup frequencies described (11% A, 47% B, and 42% D) presented values comparable to those found for the ancient Andean populations from Peru and San Pedro de Atacama. On the other hand, mitochondrial and Y chromosomal haplotypes were specific to PG, as they did not match any other of the South American populations studied. The described genetic diversity indicates homogeneity in the genetic structure of the ancient Andean populations, which was probably facilitated by the intense exchange network in the Andean zone, in particular among Tiwanaku, San Pedro de Atacama, and NWA.

Significance: These results indicate that sex-related differences may exist in the pruritogen-responsive

neurons that transmit the itch signal induced by SLIGRL-NH2, but not by histamine or 5-HT. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Which animals use their energy better during movement? One metric to answer this question is the energy cost per unit distance per unit weight. Prior data show that this metric decreases with mass, which is considered to imply that massive animals are more efficient. Although useful, this metric also implies find more that two dynamically equivalent animals of different sizes will not be considered equally efficient. We resolve this longstanding issue by first determining the scaling of energy cost per unit distance traveled. The scale is found to be M-2/3 or M-1/2, where

M is the animal mass. Second, we introduce an energy-consumption coefficient (C-E) defined as energy per unit distance traveled divided by this scale. C-E is a measure of efficiency of swimming and flying, analogous to how drag coefficient quantifies aerodynamic drag on vehicles. Derivation ARO 002 of the energy-cost scale reveals that the assumption that undulatory swimmers spend energy to overcome drag in the direction of swimming is inappropriate. We derive allometric scalings that capture trends in data of swimming and flying animals over 10-20 orders of magnitude by mass. The energy-consumption coefficient reveals that swimmers beyond a critical mass, and most fliers are almost equally efficient as if they are dynamically equivalent; increasingly massive

animals are not more efficient according to the proposed metric. Distinct allometric scalings are discovered for large and small swimmers. Flying animals are found to require relatively more energy compared with swimmers.”
“Background: Although breast-conserving surgery is oncologically safe for women with early-stage breast cancer, mastectomy rates are increasing. The objective of this study was to examine the role of breast reconstruction in the surgical management of unilateral early-stage breast cancer. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of women diagnosed with unilateral early-stage breast cancer (1998 to 2011) identified in the National MI-503 Cancer Data Base was conducted. Rates of breast-conserving surgery, unilateral and bilateral mastectomy with contralateral prophylactic procedures (per 1000 early-stage breast cancer cases) were measured in relation to breast reconstruction. The association between breast reconstruction and surgical treatment was evaluated using a multinomial logistic regression, controlling for patient and disease characteristics. Results: A total of 1,856,702 patients were included. Mastectomy rates decreased from 459 to 360 per 1000 from 1998 to 2005 (p smaller than 0.01), increasing to 403 per 1000 in 2011 (p smaller than 0.01).

During pregnancy, progesterone via the PRs promotes myometrial relaxation and cervical closure. Withdrawal of PR-mediated progesterone signaling triggers menstruation and parturition. PR-mediated progesterone signaling is anti-mitogenic in endometrial epithelial cells, and as such, mitigates the tropic effects of estrogenon eutopic normal endometrium, and on ectopic implants in endometriosis. Similarly, ligand-activated www.selleckchem.com/products/mln-4924.html PRs function as tumor suppressors in

endometrial cancer cells through inhibition of key cellular signaling pathways required for growth. In contrast, progesterone via PR activation appears to increase leiomyoma growth. The exact role of PRs in cervical cancer is unclear. PRs regulate implantation and therefore aberrant PR function may be implicated in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). PRs likely regulate key immunogenic factors involved in RPL. However, the exact role of PRs in the pathophysiology of RPL and the use of progesterone for therapeutic benefit remains uncertain. Conclusions: PRs are key mediators of progesterone action in uterine tissues and are essential for normal uterine function. Aberrant PR function (due to abnormal expression and/or function) is a major cause of uterine

pathophysiology. STI571 ic50 Further investigation of the underlying mechanisms of PR isoform action in the uterus is required, as this knowledge will afford the opportunity to create progestin/PR-based therapeutics to treat various uterine pathologies.”
“Despite

the obvious importance of inter-girdle coordination for quadrupedal locomotion in terrestrial mammals, its organization remains poorly understood. Here, we evaluated cycle and phase durations, as well as footfall patterns of four intact adult cats trained to walk on a transverse split-belt treadmill that Bucladesine concentration could independently control fore- and hindlimb speed. When the hindlimbs walked at faster speeds than the forelimbs, an equal rhythm was always maintained between the fore- and hindlimbs, even at the highest fore-hindlimb speed ratio of 1:3 (0.4:1.2 m/s). The locomotor pattern adjusted through changes in both hindlimb stance and swing phase durations, whereas only the forelimb stance phase was affected. In such conditions, when fore- and hindlimb values were compared to those obtained at matched speeds during tied-belt walking (i.e. predicted values based on treadmill speed), hindlimb cycle, stance and swing durations were consistently longer than predicted. On the other hand, forelimb cycle and stance durations were shorter than predicted but only at the highest split-belt speed ratios. Forelimb swing durations were as predicted based on front-belt speed. The sequence of footfall pattern when hindlimb speed was faster was identical to tied-belt walking. In stark contrast, when the forelimbs walked at slightly faster speeds than the hindlimbs, the rhythm between the fore- and hindlimbs broke down.

This calls into question the need for intensive insulin therapy in these patients.”
“ELY, B. R., S. N. CHEUVRONT, R. W. KENEFICK, and M. N. SAWKA. Limitations of Salivary Osmolality

as a Marker of Hydration Status. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 43, No. 6, pp. 1080-1084, 2011. Salivary osmolality (S(osm)) is a potentially useful hydration marker but PLX4032 solubility dmso may be confounded by oral artifacts. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of Sosm for detecting hypohydration and evaluate the effect of a simple mouth rinse. Methods: Eight healthy volunteers (six males and two females; age = 22 +/- 7 yr, body mass = 83.7 +/- 14.9 kg, height = 176.9 +/- 9.2 cm) were measured for nude body mass (BM), plasma osmolality (P(osm)), and S(osm) when euhydrated (EUH) and again when hypohydrated (HYP) by exercise-heat exposure with fluid restriction. After the initial saliva sample during HYP, a 10-s mouth rinse with 50 mL of water was provided, and saliva samples were obtained 1 min (RIN01), 15 min (RIN15), and 30 min (RIN30) after rinse. The ability of S(osm) to detect HYP was compared with P(osm). Results: Volunteers were hypohydrated by -4.0% +/- 1.2% of BM (range = -2.2% to -5.3%). S(osm) was elevated above EUH after hypohydration (EUH 58 +/-

8 mmol.kg(-1) vs HYP 96 +/- 28 mmol.kg(-1), P < 0.05). S(osm) baseline and change values displayed more variability than P(osm) based on C188-9 in vivo ANOVA and regression analyses. After the oral rinse, saliva decreased in concentration (RIN01 = 61 +/- 17 mmol.kg(-1), P < 0.05) but returned to prerinse values within 15 min (RIN15 = 101 +/- 25 mmol.kg(-1)) and remained similar 30 min after (RIN30 = 103 +/- 33 mmol.kg(-1)). Conclusions: S(osm) was remarkably altered 1 min after a brief water mouth rinse. Fifteen minutes proved an adequate recovery time, indicating that the timing of oral artifacts and saliva sample collection is critical when considering Sosm for hydration assessment. Given the

inherent variability and profound effect of oral intake, use of S(osm) as a marker of hydration status is dubious.”
“Background: To evaluate the prevalence and quantity of Chlamydia pneumoniae-specific learn more antigen in the three layers (intima, media, and adventitia) of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), so as to further investigate the pathogenesis of AAAs.\n\nMethods: Aortic walls were collected from 20 patients with AAA and 11 healthy organ donors. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify the C pneumoniae-specific antigen, and image analysis system was used to quantify and locate it.\n\nResults: The positive rate of C pneumoniae-specific antigen was higher in the AAA group than in the control group (100% vs. 54.54%, p = 0.003), positive intensity decreased from the tunica intima to the adventitia in the AAA group (16.32% +/- 2.13%, 14.84% +/- 1.80%, and 14.25% +/- 1.67%, respectively, p = 0.003). In the control group, positive cells were mainly found in focal lesion areas.