The results showed that in frequency-domain analysis, the transfer function from vasoconstrictor skin SNA to skin blood flow had low-pass filter characteristics with 3.6 +/- 0.1 s of pure time delay. The coherence function was approximately 0.5 between 0.01 and 0.1 Hz and less above 0.1 Hz. In time-domain analysis, the predictability from the SNA to the skin blood flow was approximately 50%. These findings indicate that at normothermic rest, the decoding rule from vasoconstrictor skin SNA to skin blood flow of skin is characterized by low-pass filter with 3-4 s of pure time delay, and that the vasoconstrictor skin SNA contributes to a half of fluctuation of skin blood flow in the condition. The incomplete
dependence of skin blood flow on vasoconstrictor skin SNA may confirm nonneural mechanisms to control cutaneous circulation even at normothermic rest. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Stress
click here urinary incontinence leads to the involuntary loss of urine during abdominal SB431542 concentration strain caused by sneezing, laughing, and coughing. Acupuncture has been widely used for the treatment and prevention of a variety of diseases in traditional medicine. Acupuncture has also been used to relieve the symptoms of functional disorders of the lower urinary tract. In the present study, we investigated the effect of acupuncture at the Sanyinjiao (SP6) acupoint on stress urinary incontinence in rats. The present results showed that abdominal leak point pressure was decreased in rats with stress urinary incontinence, while acupuncture at the SP6 acupoint significantly enhanced the abdominal leak point pressure. The expression of c-Fos in the pontine micturition center (PMC), ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG), and medial preoptic nucleus (MPA) regions was increased by the induction of stress urinary incontinence, and acupuncture Bcl-w at the SP6 acupoint significantly decreased c-Fos expression in these areas. In the present study, we showed that acupuncture
has therapeutic effect on the symptoms of stress urinary incontinence, and this effect of acupuncture is associated with modulation of c-Fos expression in the brain. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The aim of the present work was to perform, by in situ hybridization, a time-course analysis of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its receptor mRNA expression in two models of brain injury in the rat: (a) excitotoxic lesion by ibotenic acid injection in the hippocampal formation; (b) mechanical lesion by needle insertion through the cerebral cortex including the white matter of the corpus callosum. The time-course analysis, ranging from 6 h to 8 days, showed that the GDNF and its receptor (RET, GFR alpha-1 and GFR alpha-2) mRNA expressions were differentially up-regulated in both models of lesion.