A majority of the sequences (32 clones) exhibited high similarity (98.8–100% sequence identity) to bacteria of genus Aeromonas, accounting for nearly Selleck AZD6738 80% of Gammaproteobacteria. The other nine sequences were related to the genera Beggiatoa, Pseudomonas, Dicheya, and Enterobacter (Table 1; Fig. 1b). Betaproteobacteria were less abundant than Alpha and Gamma classes of Proteobacteria. Of the 27 clones in the Betaproteobacteria

class (Fig. 1b), 20 were closely related to Burkholderiales (74.1% of Betaproteobacteria) and belonged to genera Roseateles, Aquincola, Ideonella, Piscinibacter, Coccomonas, Hydrogenophaga, Rhodoferax, and Janthinobacterium. An additional seven clones were grouped into Rhodocyclales and classified as Dechloromonas. Dechloromonas and Rhodoferax were the most abundant genera in this subgroup (Table 1). Fifteen clones grouped into Deltaproteobacteria, GPCR & G Protein inhibitor including five OTUs, were closely related to five different species of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) (97–100% sequence identity). Of these, the sequences of five clones were closely

related to Desulfomicrobium norvegicum and Pelobacter propionicus, making them the dominant species of Deltaproteobacteria. In addition, other clones were assigned to Desulfomonile limimaris, Desulfobacterium catecholicum, and Desulfovibrio putealis. All three clones related to Epsilonproteobacteria showed high similarity to Sulfurospirillum halorespirans (99.9%

sequence identity) (Table 1; Fig. 1c). In total, the SRB occupied nearly 13.6% of Proteobacteria. Among non-Proteobacteria, the remaining 15 and 11 clones exhibited high similarity to the Firmicutes and CFB phyla (Fig. 1c), respectively. In Firmicutes, all 15 clones belonged to Clostridiales and the dominant genus was Clostridium (10 clones). Other genera Tacrolimus (FK506) included Cohnella (two clones), Acidaminobacter (two clones), and Acetobacterium (one clone). Of 11 clones grouped into the CFB phylum, four were closely related to genera Bacteroides (99.4% sequence identity) and Prevotella (97.9% sequence identity) in the Bacteroidales order, and others were distantly related to the genera Paludibacte, Prolixibacter, Wandonia, and Flavisolibacter (90–92% sequence identity). Finally, four clones represented sequences assigned to Fusobacteria; they were distantly related to Ilyobacter (91.2% sequence identity) in the order Fusobacteriales (Table 1; Fig. 1c). Furthermore, alignment of all 166 sequences showed that the number of single type sequences was 15, and the calculated coverage of the clone library was 90.97%. The rarefaction curve also tended to plateau (Fig. 2), indicating that this library was sufficient to detect a large majority of the endophytic bacterial diversity in the reed roots used in our research.