Am J Surg 2002, 183:622–629.PubMedCrossRef 117. Rotondo MF, Schwab CW, McGonigal MD, Phillips GR 3rd, Fruchterman TM, Kauder DR, Latenser BA, Angood PA: ‘Damage control’: an approach for improved survival in exsanguinating penetrating abdominal injury. J Trauma 1993, 35:375–382. see more discussion 382–373.PubMedCrossRef 118. Rotondo
MF, Zonies DH: The damage control sequence and underlying logic. Surg Clin North Am 1997, 77:761–777.PubMedCrossRef 119. Davis JW, Kaups KL, Parks SN: Base deficit is superior to pH in evaluating clearance of acidosis after traumatic shock. J Trauma 1998, 44:114–118.PubMedCrossRef 120. Davis JW, Parks SN, Kaups KL, Gladen HE, O’Donnell-Nicol S: Admission base deficit predicts check details transfusion requirements and risk of complications. J Trauma 1996, 41:769–774.PubMedCrossRef 121. Abramson D, Scalea TM, Hitchcock R, Trooskin SZ, Henry SM, Greenspan J: Lactate clearance and survival following injury. J Trauma 1993, 35:584–588. discussion 588–589.PubMedCrossRef 122. Pape HC, Hildebrand F, Pertschy S, Zelle B, Garapati R, Grimme K, Krettek C, Reed RL 2nd: Changes
in the management of femoral shaft fractures in polytrauma patients: from early total care to damage control orthopedic surgery. J Trauma 2002, 53:452–461. discussion 461–452.PubMedCrossRef 123. Giannoudis PV, Veysi VT, Pape HC, Krettek C, Smith MR: When should we operate on major fractures in patients with severe head injuries? Am J Surg 2002, 183:261–267.PubMedCrossRef 124. Keel M, Labler L, Trentz O: “”Damage Control”" in Severely Injured Patients: Why, when, and How? Eur J Trauma 2005, 31:212–221.CrossRef 125. Pape HC, van Griensven M, Rice J, Gansslen A, Hildebrand F, Zech S, Winny M, Lichtinghagen R, Krettek C: Major secondary surgery in blunt trauma patients and perioperative PRKACG cytokine liberation: determination of the clinical relevance of biochemical markers. J Trauma 2001, 50:989–1000.PubMedCrossRef 126. Lendemans S, Kreuzfelder E, Waydhas C, Nast-Kolb D, Flohe S: [Clinical course and prognostic significance of immunological and functional parameters after severe trauma]. Unfallchirurg 2004, 107:203–210.PubMedCrossRef
127. Maier B, Lefering R, Lehnert M, Laurer HL, Steudel WI, Neugebauer EA, Marzi I: Early versus late onset of multiple organ failure is associated with differing patterns of plasma cytokine biomarker expression and outcome after severe trauma. Shock 2007, 28:668–674.PubMed 128. Pape HC, Tsukamoto T, Kobbe P, Tarkin I, Katsoulis S, Peitzman A: Assessment of the clinical course with inflammatory parameters. Injury 2007, 38:1358–1364.PubMedCrossRef Competing interests RHG is member of the Spine Trauma Study Group, a non-profit organization funded by Medtronic Sofamor Danek, USA. RHG receives reimbursements for clinical evaluation of new implants from Medtronic. OIS received reimbursements for invited talks from Medtronic Sofamor Danek, USA.