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“Background Carbon-derived nanoparticles (NPs) such as single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and graphene are all receiving attention because of their interesting and unusual electronic [1], thermal [2], and mechanical [3] properties. We have recently demonstrated a facile route towards the synthesis of nanosized water-soluble sulfonated graphene sheets (SGSs) that use graphite as the starting material [4].