g. Sanchez et al. 2007), it has also been isolated from immunocompromised humans (Kuhls et al. 1997; Kredics et al. 2003). Its ability MK 2206 to grow at human body temperature should give caution to those who would wish to develop this species as a biocontrol agent. Apparently T. longibrachiatum is a clonal species. Kuhls et al. (1997) and Samuels et al. (1998) noted
that T. longibrachiatum and Hypocrea orientalis could not be distinguished on the basis of ITS sequences but for reasons of phenotype, they did not consider the two to represent a single species. The distinction was supported by MALDI-TOF MS by De Respinis et al. (2010) and by multilocus phylogenetic analysis and Druzhinina et al (2008) postulated that T. longibrachiatum and H. orientalis could have evolved in parallel from a common species forming two sympatric find protocol species. However in the multilocus analysis of Druzhinina et al. (2012) H. orientalis and T. longibrachiatum clearly represent a species complex within which there are several well-supported internal lineages, some of which we recognize here as distinct sister species, viz. T. aethiopicum
and T. pinnatum, the latter derived from ascospores of a collection made in Sri Lanka but also isolated from soil in Vietnam. The single strain CBS 243.63, based on an ascospore culture from New Zealand, is a distinct phylogenetic lineage; however the culture appears to be degenerated and the collection from which it was made cannot be located. 12. Hypocrea novae-zelandiae Samuels & O. Petrini in Samuels
et al., Stud. Mycol. 41: 25 (1998; as ‘novaezelandiae’). Anamorph: Trichoderma sp. Ex-type culture: G.J.S. 81–265 = CBS 639.92 = ATCC 208856 Typical sequences: ITS DQ083019, tef1 X93969 This species was based originally on two collections Isotretinoin made in native Nothofagus forests of New Zealand (Samuels et al. 1998) and remains known only from New Zealand, where it is not uncommon. Hypocrea novae-zelandiae occupies a basal position in the Longibrachiatum Clade (Druzhinina et al. 2012). It forms a clade with the new species T. saturnisporopsis and the phylogenetic species G.J.S. 99–17. Within this clade there are two morphologically unequivocal groups: one with ellipsoidal to oblong, smooth conidia and known only from sexual spores (H. novae-zelandiae) and one apparently clonal group having ellipsoidal, grossly tuberculate conidia (Tr 175: USA: OR; S19: Sardinia; G.J.S. 99–17: Japan). The strains having warted conidia represent two phylogenetic species that are discussed below under T. saturnisporopsis. 13. Hypocrea orientalis Samuels & O. Petrini in Samuels et al., Stud. Mycol. 41: 30 (1998). Figures 3a–c and 12. Fig. 12 Hypocrea orientalis. a–c Pustules. d–f Conidiophores. g Phialides. arrows show intercalary phialides. h Conidia. i Part-ascospores; note the globose to subglobose shape. j, k Stromata. a–g from SNA. a, c, g from G.J.S.