Given the poor water solubility of the acidic forms of these pilicides, their lithium salts were used in all the experiments. The resulting solutions of compounds were frozen and lyophilized. In order to conduct the experiments,

the pilicides were initially dissolved in pure DMSO and the final concentration of DMSO in the growth media was 5%. Statistical analysis In the case of E. coli Dr+ strain adherence to CHO cells assay and collagen binding assay the statistical significance of results was tested using one-way ANOVA (p-value threshold = 0.05). Influence of pilicides 1 and 2 concentration on the bacterial AG-881 adherence to CHO cells was assessed relatively to positive control means experiments with adherence of BL21DE3/pBJN406 strain cultivated without pilicide to CHO-DAF+ cells. Influence of pilicide 1 concentration on bacterial binding to the polystyrene microtitre plates coated with EPZ015666 cost type IV collagen was assessed relatively to positive control means experiments with BL21DE3/pBJN406 strain cultivated without pilicide. Bacterial strains and plasmids The following

E. coli strains were used: BL21DE3/pBJN406 – the strain encoding within the pBJN406 plasmid the wild type dra operon from the clinical UPEC IH11128 strain, the plasmid is a derivative of the pACYC184 vector; BL21DE3/pACYC184 – a strain used as Dr-type, non-fimbriated, negative control [26, 32]. In order to select for the presence of these plasmids, bacteria were grown on media supplemented with chloramphenicol at a concentration of 34 μg/ml. Assay of E. coli Dr+ strain adherence to CHO cells CHO cells (Chinese hamster ovary K-1) and CHO-DAF+ cells stably transfected with cDNA for human DAF [33] were cultured in Ham’s F12 medium supplemented with 10% (vol/vol) fetal bovine serum (Sigma) and a penicillin-streptomycin

solution (Sigma) in a 5% CO2 atmosphere at 37°C. The cell lines were passaged using 0.25% (vol/vol) trypsin containing EDTA (Sigma). For the adherence assay, the CHO-DAF+ and the CHO-DAF- cells were split into 6-well plates with glass coverslips, and grown in the appropriate medium for 18 h. Before the assay, the CHO cells were washed twice with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and incubated Amisulpride with fresh medium, without antibiotics and without FBS for 1 h. The E. coli BL21DE3/pBJN406 strain was cultivated with shaking in Luria-Bertani (LB) medium, supplemented with chloramphenicol, for 24 h at 37°C. 100 μl of the bacterial culture was then split on TSA (trypticase soy agar) plates containing 5% DMSO, chloramphenicol and either supplemented or not with 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 mM pilicide 1 and 2 for another 24 h at 37°C. As the negative control the E. coli BL21DE3/pACYC184 strain cultivated on TSA plates not supplemented with pilicides was used. The overnight bacterial strains were harvested from plates washed twice with PBS and NVP-HSP990 resuspended in this buffer to a final OD600 of 1.5. 50 μl of each of the E.