LiCl addressed group for 14 weeks showed significantly lower level of weight and total cholesterol, and the level of TG helped to lower. The amount of cholesterol and TG in LiCl treated group for 6 weeks didnt significantly supplier BMN 673 change when compared with high fat diet group. The big difference of cholesterol level in blood between the two groupsmay cause a degree of reduction in atherosclerosis. Thus hypercholesterolemia is really a essential element in atherosclerotic lesion development. Kim AJ et al. Claim that valproate, inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3B, shields cells fromendoplasmic reticulum stress induced cholesterol accumulation and apoptosis in specific cell types including hepatocarcinoma cells. Bowes AJ et al. also reported that exposure to 5 mmol/l glucosamine induces major unesterified cholesterol deposition in wild type MEFs although not in GSK 3B or GSK 3 MEFs. Also GSK 3B or GSK 3 MEFs were confronted with U18666A, a compound that blocks intracellular trafficking Papillary thyroid cancer of cholesterol, and cells did not accumulate cholesterol. These suggest that significant unesterified cholesterol accumulation isn’t induced in GSK 3 deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts, and valproate supplementation. Hyperglycemia and cholesterol can also be all-independent cardiovascular risk factors in atherosclerosis. GSK 3 has been implicated in immune modulation. Our research shows that GSK 3B inhibition reduces inflammatory VCAM 1 expression, macrophage infiltration, and lipid accumulation in the aortic valve. Additionally, LiCl treatedHUVECs showed significantly decreased palmitateinduced VCAM 1 expression. Whittle et al. demonstrated that GSK 3 inhibitors significantly reduce inflammation associated with colitis in rats, and Zhang R et al. reported that GSK 3 inhibitors control the inflammatory response to the Francisella illness and defense IPA-3 concentration against tularemia in rats. In contrast, inhibition of GSK 3 by antisense oligonucleotides or pharmacological agents increases TNF induced expression of IL 6 and MCP 1 in human microvascular cells. Eventually, over expression of GSK 3 somewhat reduces TNF expression in heart and lung muscle. Other accounts suggest that LiCl improves monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells by activating the Wnt/beta catenin pathway without changing adhesion molecule expression levels. The differences between other studies and our research may possibly lie in the type of endothelial cells and stimuli used. Vines et al. usedhuman lungmicrovascular endothelial cells, and TNF or IL 1 was aroused in basal microvascular medium supplemented with 0. A day later bovine serum albumin. Within our study, we used HUVECs triggered with palmitate in endothelial growth medium. These discrepancies may have resulted in different results. Lithium is often referred to as an anti manic drug and is used as a mood stabilizing agent because it can prevent mood swings in patients with bipolar affective disorder.