\n\nMethods: Data were from the 2005-2008 National Surveys of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Past-year substance use disorders, major depression, and treatment use were assessed by audio computer-assisted self-interviewing.\n\nResults: About 17% of adolescents with opioid dependence (n = 434) and 16% of those with opioid abuse

(n = 355) used any substance abuse treatment in the past www.selleckchem.com/products/shp099-dihydrochloride.html year compared with 9% of subthreshold users, i.e., adolescents who reported 1-2 prescription opioid dependence criteria but no abuse criteria (n = 999). Only 4.2% of adolescents with opioid dependence, 0.5% of those with abuse, and 0.6% of subthreshold users reported a perceived need for treatment of nonmedical opioid use. Self-help groups and outpatient rehabilitation were the most commonly used sources of treatment. Few black adolescents used treatment (medical settings, 3.3%; self-help groups, 1.7%) or reported a need for treatment (1.8%). Talking to parents/guardians about dangers of substance use increased the odds of treatment use. Barriers to treatment use included “wasn’t ready to stop substance use,” “didn’t want others to find out,” and “could handle the problem without treatment.”\n\nConclusions: Adolescents with prescription selleck opioid use disorders markedly underutilize treatment. Non-financial barriers are pervasive, including stigma and a lack of perceived treatment need. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights

reserved.”
“A hybrid magnetic bearing system was designed for a rotary centrifugal blood pump being developed to provide long-term circulatory support for heart failure patients. This design consists of two compact bearings to suspend the rotor in five degrees-of-freedom with single axis active control. Permanent magnets are used to provide passive GSK1838705A radial support and electromagnets to maintain axial stability of the rotor. Characteristics of the passive radial and active thrust magnetic bearing system were evaluated by the electromagnetic finite element analysis. A proportional-integral-derivative

controller with force balance algorithm was implemented for closed loop control of the magnetic thrust bearing. The control position is continuously adjusted based on the electrical energy in the bearing coils, and thus passive magnetic forces carry static thrust loads to minimize the bearing current. Performance of the magnetic bearing system with associated control algorithm was evaluated at different operating conditions. The bearing current was significantly reduced with the force balance control method and the power consumption was below 0.5 W under various thrust loads. The bearing parameters predicted by the analysis were validated by the experimental data. ASAIO Journal 2009; 55:340-347.”
“Activity-guided fractionation of an ethanol-soluble extract of the leaves of Swietenia, macrophylla King Meliaceae, led to several fractions.