Nano Lett 2011, 11:1952–1956.buy PRIMA-1MET CrossRef 19. Ma DDD, Lee CS, Au FCK, Tong SY, Lee ST: Small-diameter silicon nanowire surfaces. Science 2003, 299:1874–1877.CrossRef 20. Schmidt V, Wittemann JV, Senz S, Gosele U: Silicon nanowires: a review on aspects

3-Methyladenine solubility dmso of their growth and their electrical properties. Adv Mater 2009, 21:2681–2702.CrossRef 21. Liu HI, Biegelsen DK, Ponce FA, Johnson NM, Pease RFW: Self-limiting oxidation for fabricating sub-5 nm silicon nanowires. Appl Phys Lett 1994, 64:1383–1385.CrossRef 22. Buttner CC, Zacharias M: Retarded oxidation of Si nanowires. Appl Phys Lett 2006, 89:263106.CrossRef 23. Walavalkar SS, Hofmann CE, Homyk AP, Henry MD, Atwater HA, Scherer A: Tunable visible and near-IR emission from sub-10 nm etched single-crystal Si nanopillars. Nano Lett 2010, 10:4423–4428.CrossRef 24. Wang T, Yu B, Liu Y, Guo Q, Sheng K, Deen MJ: Fabrication of vertically stacked single-crystalline Si nanowires

using self-limiting oxidation. Nanotechnology 2012, 23:015307.CrossRef 25. Fang H, Wu Y, Zhao JH, Zhu J: Silver catalysis in the fabrication of silicon nanowire arrays. Nanotechnology 2006, 17:3768–3774.CrossRef 26. Huang ZP, Fang H, Zhu J: Fabrication of silicon nanowire arrays with controlled diameter, length, and density. Adv Mater 2007, 19:744–748.CrossRef 27. Lin LH, Guo SP, Sun XZ, Feng JY, Wang Y: Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of porous silicon nanowire arrays. Nanoscale Res Lett 2010, 5:1822–1828.CrossRef 28. Liu VX-661 order RY, Zhang FT, Con C, Cui B, Sun BQ: Lithography-free fabrication of silicon nanowire and nanohole arrays by metal-assisted chemical etching. Nanoscale Res Lett 2013, 8:1–8.CrossRef 29. Haginoya C, Ishibashi M, Koike Erastin in vitro K: Nanostructure array fabrication with a size-controllable natural lithography. Appl Phys Lett 1997, 71:2934–2936.CrossRef

30. Cui H, Wang CX, Yang GW: Origin of self-limiting oxidation of Si nanowires. Nano Lett 2008, 8:2731–2737.CrossRef Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions SS carried out the fabrication and characterization of the study and drafted the manuscript. LL conceived of the study, participated in its design and preparation, analyzed the results, and helped draft the manuscript. JF participated in the design of the study and helped draft the manuscript. ZL and ZZ participated in the design and coordination of the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Graphene molecules were first extracted from a graphite crystal by a simple micromechanical approach (mechanical cleavage) [1, 2]. During the graphite crystal peeling out process, the applied mechanical stress causes the separation of the graphene layers, contrasting the interlayer interaction forces. This procedure is known as the Scotch type or drawing method since the mechanical exfoliation resembles writing with a pencil.