paratuberculosis and M. avium strains: comparison with IS900 and IS1245 restriction fragment length polymorphism typing. J Clin Microbiol 2007, 45:2404–10.PubMedCrossRef 8. Mobius P, Luyven G, Hotzel H, Kohler H: High genetic diversity among Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

strains from German cattle herds shown by combinaison of IS900 restriction fragment lenth polymorphism analysis and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable-number tandem-repeat typing. J Clin Microbiol 2008, 46:972–81.PubMedCrossRef 9. Thibault V, Grayon M, Boschiroli ML, et al.: Combined multilocus short-sequenece-repeat and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-number tandem-repeat typing of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates. J Clin Microbiol 2008, 46:4091–4.PubMedCrossRef 10. Ichikawa K, Yagi T, Inagaki T, Moriyama M, Nakagawa T, Uchiya KI, Nikal T, Ogawa K: Molecular typing of Sotrastaurin ic50 Mycobacterium intracellulare using multilocus Napabucasin order variable-number of tandem-repeat analysis: identification of loci and analysis of clinical isolates. Microbiology 2009,156(Pt 2):496–504.PubMed 11. Baulard A KL, Locht C: Efficient homologous recombination in fast-growing and slow-growing mycobacteria. J Bacteriol 1996, 178:3091–8.PubMed 12. Hunter PR, Gaston MA: Numerical

index of the discriminatory ability of typing systems: an application of Simpson’s index of diversity. J Clin Microbiol 1988, 26:2465–6.PubMed 13. Selander RK, Caugant DA, Ochman H, Musser JM, Gilmour MN, Whittam TS: Methods of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis for bacterial population genetics and systematics. Appl Environ Microbiol 1986, 51:873–884.PubMed 14. Schouls LM, Heide HG, Vauterin L, Vauterin P, Mooi FR: Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis of Dutch Bordetella pertussis strains reveals rapid genetic changes with why clonal expansion during the late 1990s. J Bacteriol 2004, 186:5496–505.PubMedCrossRef

15. Gey van Pittius NC, Sampson SL, Lee H, Kim Y, van Helden PD, Warren RM: Evolution and expansion of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE and PPE multigene families and their association with the duplication of the ESAT-6 (esx) gene cluster regions. BMC Evol Biol 2006, 6:95.PubMedCrossRef 16. Mazars E, Lesjean S, Banuls AL, et al.: High-resolution minisatellite-based typing as a portable approach to global analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis molecular epidemiology. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001, 98:1901–6.PubMedCrossRef 17. Martin A, Herranz M, Serrano MJ, Bouza E, Garcia de Viedma D: Rapid clonal analysis of recurrent tuberculosis by direct MIRU-VNTR typing on stored isolates. BMC Microbiol 2007, 7:73.PubMedCrossRef 18. Romano MI, Amadio A, Bigi F, et al.: Further analysis of VNTR and MIRU in the genome of Mycobacterium avium complex , and application to molecular epidemiology of GW 572016 isolates from South America. Vet Microbiol 2005, 110:221–37.