Previous intentional self-harm �C Whether or not the injured person attempted intentional self-harm before. Transport module Mode of transport �C The means by which the injured person was travelling from one place to another.Role of the injured person �C How the injured person was involved with the specified mode of transport at the time of the injury event.Counterpart �C The other vehicle, object, selleck chem person, or animal (if any) with which the injured person, or the vehicle in which the injured person was travelling, collided. Sports module Type of sport/exercise activity �C The type of sport or exercise activity in which the injured person was engaged at the time of the injury.
Health Examination Surveys (HESs) can provide essential information on the health and health determinants of a population, which is not available from other data sources.

Nevertheless, only some European countries have systems of national HESs. A study conducted in 2006�C2008 concluded that it is feasible to organize national HESs using standardized measurement procedures in nearly all EU countries. The feasibility study also outlined a structure for a European Health Examination Survey (EHES), which is a collaboration to organize standardized HESs in countries across Europe. To facilitate setting up national surveys and to gain experience in applying the EHES methods in different cultures, EHES Joint Action (2010�C2011) planned and piloted standardized HESs in the working age population in 12 countries. This included countries with earlier national HESs and countries which were planning their first national HES.

The core measurements included in all surveys were weight, height, waist circumference and blood pressure, and blood samples were taken to measure lipid profiles and glucose or glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). These are modifiable determinants of major chronic diseases not identified in health interview surveys. There was a questionnaire to complement the data on the examination measurements. Methods Evaluation of the pilot surveys was based on review of national manuals and evaluation reports of survey organizers; observations and discussions of survey procedures during site visits and training seminars; and other communication with the survey organizers. Results Despite unavoidable differences in the ways HESs are organized in the various countries, high quality and comparability of the data seems achievable.

The biggest challenge in each country was obtaining high participation rate. Most of the Cilengitide pilot countries are now ready to start their full-size national HES, and six of them have already started. Conclusions The EHES Pilot Project has set up the structure for obtaining comparable high quality health indicators on health and important modifiable risk factors of major non-communicable diseases from the European countries.