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studies, participated in the sequence alignment and drafted the manuscript. HM performed dot plot analysis and radar chart analysis. TM contributed to the data analysis including the sequence alignment. KY conceived of the study, and participated in its design and coordination. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Escherichia coli typically colonize the mammalian and avian gastrointestinal tract and Olopatadine other mucosal surfaces. While many of these strains are commensal, certain pathogenic strains have the ability to cause severe diseases [1]. Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) are a group of strains that are implicated in a large range of infections in humans and animals, such as neonatal meningitis, urinary tract infection, intra abdominal infection, pneumonia, osteomyelitis and septicaemia [2–4]. Among the typical extraintestinal infections caused by ExPEC in humans are urinary tract infections (UTIs), which are a major public health concern in developed countries costing healthcare systems billions of dollars annually [5].