Table 1 Comparison of StO2 levels at presentation and after resuscitation maneuvers. Injury Initial StO2 Resuscitation Maneuver Post resuscitation StO2 Bilateral lower extremity IED 60 2 LR, 2 PRBCs 78 IED blast, right leg, left flank 51 2 LR, 1 PRBCs 71 GSW left thigh 54 1 LR 88 Abdominal compartment syndrome 62 Open abdomen 91 Bilateral lower extremity IED 51 1 LR 76 GSW abdomen 50 1 LR 82 GSW right arm 55 0.5 LR (9 y/o) 76 Blast injury 1 CPR RSL-3 1 Eight patients with StO2 levels measured at presentation and after initial

resuscitation. LR: lactated ringers (this website expressed in liters); PRBCs: packed red blood cells (expressed in units); IED: improvised explosive device; GSW: gunshot wound; CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Case 1 A 36-year-old male was injured from an improvised explosive device (IED) and presented with near amputations of both lower extremities. He arrived at the emergency medical treatment area (EMT) with blood pressure (BP) of 110/70 mm Hg and heart rate (HR) of 120/min. His initial StO2 reading was 51% from the right thenar eminence. He received 1 liter of lactated ringers (LR) with an increase in StO2 to 76% and was taken to the operating room (OR) where he underwent a right below the knee amputation and debridement and external fixator placement

for a complex left tibia fracture. The next morning, the patient’s StO2 was noted to be low at 40%. His BP was 105/72 ITF2357 price mm Hg and HR was 130/min with hemoglobin of 8.9 g/dl. Over the next 2 hours, the patient received 300 cc of 25% albumin, 1 liter of LR, and 1 unit of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) with HR decreasing to 110/min, and BP increasing to 130/70 mm Hg, and urine output of 150 cc over the previous hour. StO2 increased to 73%. This patient’s post-injury course was long and complicated. After multiple operations including debridements and skin grafting, the patient was discharged from the hospital approximately 2.5 months after his initial injury. Case 2 A 24-year-old male was seen in the EMT after a gunshot wound (GSW) to the abdomen. His initial

vital signs included a BP of 90/60 mm Hg and HR of 120/min. His initial StO2 from the thenar eminence PIK3C2G was 50%. He received 1 liter of LR with an increase of his BP to 110/70 mm Hg and StO2 to 82%. He was taken to the OR where he was found to have a tangential transverse colon injury. He underwent a primary repair and recovered and was discharged from the hospital approximately 2 weeks post-injury. Case 3 A 20-year-old male presented to the EMT after a high-velocity GSW to the left hip. At the time of presentation, two peripheral intravenous (IV) lines, which had been placed in the field, were infiltrated. One wound was noted in the left lateral hip and the patient had a distended, tense, and tender abdomen. His initial BP was 56/30 mm Hg and HR was 150/min. Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was 100% and thenar StO2 was 54%.