(C)RSNA, 2010 Supplemental material: http://radiology. rsna. org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.10091824/-/DC1″
“Glycine hydrochloride ([Gly]Cl), a room-temperature ionic liquid (IL), is proposed as a new, good solvent for

chitosan with different deacetylation degrees and molecular weights. However, considered from the viscosity of a solution of chitosan and [Gly]Cl, a 2% [Gly]Cl IL aqueous solution was selected as an optimum solvent system for dissolving chitosan. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to visualize the modifications of the native structures of chitosan during the dissolution and the regeneration processes, morphological features, and properties of the reconstituted chitosan membranes. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 123: 3772-3780, 2012″
“Background: Artemether-lumefantrine Etomoxir supplier (ALu) replaced sulphadoxine-pymimethamine (SP) as the official first-line anti-malarial in Tanzania in November 2006. So far, artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) is contra-indicated during pregnancy by the national malaria treatment guidelines, and pregnant women depend on SP for Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPTp) during pregnancy. SP is still being dispensed by private drug stores, but it is unknown to which extent. If significant, it may undermine its official use for IPTp through induction of resistance. The main

study objective was to perform a baseline study of the private market for anti-malarials in Muheza town, an area with widespread anti-malarial drug resistance, prior Dinaciclib price to the implementation PND-1186 of a provider training and accreditation programme that will allow accredited drug shops to sell subsidized ALu.

Methods: All drug shops selling prescription-only anti-malarials, in Muheza town, Tanga Region voluntarily participated from July to December 2009. Qualitative in-depth

interviews were conducted with owners or shopkeepers on saleability of anti-malarials, and structured questionnaires provided quantitative data on drugs sales volume.

Results: All surveyed drug shops illicitly sold SP and quinine (QN), and legally amodiaquine (AQ). Calculated monthly sale was 4,041 doses, in a town with a population of 15,000 people. Local brands of SP accounted for 74% of sales volume, compared to AQ (13%), QN (11%) and ACT (2%).

Conclusions: In community practice, the saleability of ACT was negligible. SP was best-selling, and use was not reserved for IPTp, as stipulated in the national anti-malarial policy. It is a major reason for concern that such drug-pressure in the community equals de facto intermittent presumptive treatment. In an area where SP drug resistance remains high, unregulated SP dispensing to people other than pregnant women runs the risk of eventually jeopardizing the effectiveness of the IPTp strategy.