Fig. 16 Trichoderma sp. G.J.S. 99–17. a, b Pustules. c–h Conidiophores. i Conidia. All from CMD. c–h fluorescence microscopy in calcofluor DMXAA supplier (hairs visible in b–f). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 0.5 mm; c–h = 20 μm; i = 10 μm It may be impossible to distinguish T. saturnisporopsis from T. saturnisporum on the basis of their phenotypes despite their rather wide phylogenetic separation. Both species are characterized by broadly ellipsoidal, conspicuously tuberculate conidia, irregularly branched conidiophores and poorly developed pustules that have sterile hairs and an ability to grow well at 35°C. The

most conspicuous difference is that T. saturnisporopsis is better able to grow at lower temperatures (25–30°C) than T. saturnisporum, with the exception of T. saturnisporopsis strain S 19, which is overall slower than the two other known strains of T. saturnisporopsis and T. saturnisporum but has a highly dissected margin when grown at 30°C and above. Fujimori and Okuda (1994) included strain G.J.S. 99–17 (as FP5566) in an early attempt to use molecular

methods to eliminate duplicate strains from their screening for antibiotics. Because of the warted conidia, they had identified FP5566 as T. viride. Although conidia of this strain are similar to those of T. viride (Jaklitsch et al. 2006), the two species Lonafarnib chemical structure are otherwise not similar and only distantly related. 19. Trichoderma saturnisporum Hammill, Mycologia 62: 112 (1970). Teleomorph: none known. Ex-type culture: ATCC 18903 = CBS 330.70 Typical sequences: ITS Z48726, tef1 EU280044 Samuels et al. (1998) and Gams and Bissett (1998) redescribed this uncommon but wide-spread, (North America, Caribbean Ocean region, Europe, South Africa, Androgen Receptor antagonist Australia) clonal species. The species was originally described from Georgia. It is morphologically indistinguishable from the phylogenetically unrelated T. saturnisporopsis. Doi et al. (1987) proposed

Trichoderma sect. Saturnisporum for T. saturnisporum and T. ghanense. This section was characterized by the tuberculate conidia. Molecular phylogenetic results PD184352 (CI-1040) (Kuhls et al. 1997; Druzhinina et al. 2012) indicate that these two species belong to the Longibrachiatum Clade but despite the unusual conidial ornamentation, they are not closely related. Trichoderma saturnisporum does not have any close relationships in the Longibrachiatum Clade. 20. Trichoderma sinense Bissett, Kubicek & Szakacs in Bissett et al., Can. J. Bot. 81: 572 (2003, as ‘sinensis’). Teleomorph: none known Ex-type culture: DAOM 230000 = TUB F-1043 Typical sequences: ITS AF486014, tef1 AY750889 (DAOM 230004) Trichoderma sinense is unusual in the Longibrachiatum Clade for its broadly ellipsoidal, smooth conidia, although its conidiophore branching and disposition of its phialides are typical of the clade. It is known (Bissett et al. 2003) from collections made in Taiwan and tropical China (Yunnan Province) and is possibly widespread in tropical East Asia. Druzhinina et al.