Goldberg Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70119, USA A rectangular glass tank, containing water and sand arranged to represent a large lake or sea surrounded by gently sloping beaches, was built to model the enantiomeric enrichment process suggested earlier [S. I. Goldberg (2007), Orig. Life Evol. Biosph., 31, 55–60]. The “sea” is a dilute aqueous solution of a chiral, nonracemic compound with initially low (10%) enantiomeric excess, which, through the action of evaporative pumping [K. J. Hsu and

C. Siegenthaler (1969), Sedimentology, 12, 11–25], is brought to the surface of the beach by the energy supplied by a heat lamp (the sun) and evaporated—providing crystals enriched in the more abundant enantiomer, (Goldberg, 2007). These are washed down the sloping beach into the “sea” by an aqueous spray (rain). In this way, the enantiomeric Ibrutinib mw purity of buy Y-27632 the compound in the “sea” was slowly but continually raised from 10% to 36% e.e. (so far) after 19 weeks of operation. E-mail: sgoldber@uno.​edu Amino Acids and

the Asymmetric Origin of Life Uwe J. Meierhenrich1, Jean-Jacques Filippi1, Katharina Breme1, Rodolphe Perriot1, Laurent Nahon2, Jan Hendrik Bredehöft3, Jun-ichi Takahashi4, Wolfram H.-P. Thiemann5, Soeren V. Hoffmann6 1University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, CNRS UMR 6001, avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice, France; 2Synchrotron SOLEIL, l’Orme des Merisiers, St Aubin, BP48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France; 3Open University, PO Box 197, Milton Keynes, MK7 6BJ, United Kingdom; 4NTT Microsystem Integration Laboratories, 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi 243-0198, Japan; 5University of Bremen, Dept. of Physical Chemistry, Leobener Straβe, 28359 Bremen, Germany; 6University of Aarhus, Institute for Storage Ring Facilities, Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase Ny Munkegade, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark Amino acids, the molecular building blocks of proteins (enzymes), certainly played a key role in both the emergence of life on Earth and the development of biomolecular asymmetry,

i.e. homochirality. We experimentally simulated the abiotic formation of amino acids and diamino acids in interstellar ices by the effect of UV irradiation on CO, CO2, CH3OH, NH3, as well as H2O and identified 16 amino acids among the remaining products (Muñoz Caro et al. 2002; Meierhenrich, 2008). The presence of diamino acids in the Murchison meteorite verified the above simulation experiment (Meierhenrich et al. 2004). The identified amino acids were racemic, since the experiment was performed under symmetric conditions: the photoreaction was performed with unpolarized light, directed magnetic fields were not applied, an achiral crystal was used as support etc. However, interstellar electromagnetic radiation is asymmetric, namely circularly polarized. Here we report on enantioselective photolysis of chiral amino acids under interstellar conditions.